试论伊格尔顿意识形态理论

On Eagleton’s Ideological Theory

通过对历史上种种意识形态理论的分析,伊格尔顿提出了意识形态有认识论与存在论两种形式,并认为意识形态的实质是其承担的阶级职能。通过对当代资本主义社会文学问题的分析与研究,他创造性地提出了意识形态生产的六个范畴,这些范畴从某种意义上深化了马克思主义意识形态理论。但由于他没有弄清马克思主义科学理论与马克思主义意识形态的关系,因而在马克思主义科学理论缺位的前提下建构的所谓审美意识形态理论是难以完成其提出的解放功能的。

Based on an analysis of various ideological theories in history Eagleton concluded that ideology was of two forms, epistemology and ontology. He claimed that the essence of ideology lay in the functions of the classes. Through studies of modern capitalist social literature he proposed six categories of ideological production. In a sense these categories have further developed Marxist ideological theory. However, Eagleton failed to understand the relation between Marxist scientific theory and Marxist ideology. Therefore, without Marxist scientific theory as the premise it was impossible for him to achieve the emancipation function he had intended to in constructing the aesthetic ideological theory.