上海地区2201例脑卒中患者危险因素分析

Risk factor analysis of 2201 stroke patients in Shanghai

目的探讨上海地区脑卒中患者的危险因素。方法选择在交通大学医学院附属仁济医院和浦东、普陀7家社区卫生服务中心的脑卒中专病门诊连续就诊的资料完整的脑卒中患者2201例,记录患者的人口学资料、个人疾病史和不良生活方式,分析各个危险因素的百分比及危险因素的累积数目。结果 2201例脑卒中患者中,缺血性脑卒中1770例(占80.4%),出血性脑卒中431例(占19.6%),平均发病年龄为(67.2±11.6)岁。最常见的危险因素依次为高血压(76.9%),血脂异常(55.0%),缺乏锻炼(47.7%),吸烟(33.9%),脑卒中史(28.8%),心脏疾病(24.1%),糖尿病(22.9%),饮酒(22.7%),脑卒中家族史(21.7%)。90.8%的患者合并2个以上的危险因素,平均每例患者合并(3.4±1.4)个危险因素。结论上海地区的脑卒中患者以老年患者为主,多数合并2个或更多的危险因素,高血压、血脂异常和缺乏锻炼是最常见的危险因素。在脑卒中的二级预防中应该重视全面的危险因素筛查和不良生活方式的改变。

Objective To investigate the risk factors of 2 201 cerebrovascular disease patients in Shanghai. Methods A total of 2 201 successive patients with cerebrovascular diseases, who visited the stroke departments of Renji Hospital and 7 community health service centers in Pudong and Putuo districts in Shanghai, were included in the present study. The data of demographic characteristics,individual history and unhealthy life style were recorded. The percentages of each risk factor and the cumulative number of risk factors were analyzed. Results Among the 2 201 patients, 1 770（80.4%） had ischemic stroke and 431（19.6%） had hemorrhagic stroke; the mean age of onset was （67.2±11.6） years old. The most common risk factors included hypertension （76.9%）, dyslipidemia （55.0%）, lack of exercise （47.7%）, cigarette smoking （33.9%）, stroke history （28.8%）, heart disease （24.1%）, diabetes （22.9%）, alcohol drinking （22.7%）, and family history of stroke （21.7%）. We found that 90.8% of the patients had two or more risk factors, and each patient had a mean of 3.4 risk factors. Conclusion Most patients with cerebrovascular disease in Shanghai are elderly, and most of them have two or more risk factors. Hypertension, dyslipidemia, and lack of exercise are the most frequent risk factors. More attention should be paid to extensive screening of risk factors and change of life style for the secondary prevention of cerebrovascular disease.