不同土地利用结构下的土壤侵蚀经济损失——以贵州省猫跳河流域为例

Soil Erosion Economic Loss Under Different Land Use Structures:A Case Study of Maotiao River Watershed,Guizhou Province

本文以贵州省猫跳河流域为例,运用环境经济学理论和方法,计算了流域不同时期不同土地利用结构下的土壤侵蚀经济损失,分析了流域土壤侵蚀经济损失现状结构、土壤侵蚀经济损失的动态变化及其与土地利用结构的关系。结果表明:①2007年流域土壤侵蚀经济损失37381.64×104元,其中氮、磷、钾、有机质养分损失33739.98×104元,占土壤侵蚀总损失的90.26%。旱地和灌草地土壤侵蚀经济损失最大,分别占年土壤侵蚀经济损失的47.08%和44.24%。流域北部下游地区土壤侵蚀单位面积经济损失较大。②近30年来,流域年土壤侵蚀经济损失经历了由趋向增加到减少的过程。1973—1990年,流域年土壤侵蚀总经济损失增加了3092.98×104元,增加了8.74%。1990—2007年,流域年土壤侵蚀总经济损失减少了11162.43×104元,减少了22.99%。究其原因,这主要与不同时期土地利用结构具有密切关系。旱地和灌草地是流域土壤侵蚀经济损失发生的主要土地利用类型,清镇、平坝、修文是流域土壤侵蚀防治和治理的重点区域。

Taking the Maotiao river watershed as the area for a case study,based on environmental economic theories and methods,this paper calculated the soil erosion economic loss under different land use structures in different years in the study area,and analyzed the current situations of soil erosion economic loss,the dynamic change chanracteristics of soil erosion loss,and its relationship with land use structure.The results showed that （1）the total economic loss from soil erosion reached 37381.64×10 4 yuan in 2007 in the study area,and the loss of nitrogen,phosphorus,kalium and organic matter acounted for 90.26%of the total economic loss,which was 33739.98×10 4 yuan.Among different land use types,soil erosion economic loss was the highest in dry land and grass land,accounting for 47.08%and 44.24%of the total loss,respectively.The economic loss was higher in the north and southwest of the study area.（2）The soil erosion economic loss changed dramatically during recent 30 years,with an intimate relationship with land use structure.The soil erosion economic loss increased by 3092.98×10 4 yuan during 1973-1990,or 8.74%,and decreased by 11162.43×10 4 yuan during 1990-2007,or 22.99%.Dry farmlands and grasslands were the main land-use types that caused soil erosion economic loss.Qingzhen,Pingba and Xiuwen are the main regions that should take measures to prevent soil erosion in the study area.