破解“土地换保障”的困境——基于“资源”视角的社会伦理学分析

Solutions of the Difficulties of Exchanging Land for Social Security:A social ethical analysis from the perspective of "resources"

"土地换保障"是我国社会转型过程中整合"土地"和"社会保障"两种资源的制度尝试与实践探索,究竟是否应该"土地换保障"一直是学术界争议的问题。本文在概括其基本类型和破解其内在实质后,从"资源"的角度切入,通过剖析"土地"和"社会保障"的资源属性及衍生权利束,比较它们的异同,探析二者之间的异质点和契合点。研究发现,保护和发展人权是二者的契合点,而异质点在于资源属性的不完全同质和权利口径与责任主体的不同。研究表明,基本保障不可换,不能混淆"补偿"和"保障"以逃避政府的责任;但补充保障可以换,能够利用地上权利及其资产收益来添置非基本保障利益。

In the Social transformation process,'exchanging land for social security' is an attempt to integrate two resources:land and social security.This paper summarizes its basic types and explains its essences.From the perspective of 'resources',the author explores the similarities and differences between'land' and 'social security',finds that the two has a meeting point at protecting and developing human rights,while differ at their resources attribute and rights attribute.Based on those findings,the paper argues that the basic benefits of social security should not be exchanged,but the added benefits can be increased by exchanging rights or asset gains of land.