单粒大豆的近红外光谱特征及品种鉴别研究

The NIR Spectra Based Variety Discrimination for Single Soybean Seed

随着大豆生产及豆制品加工业的发展,大豆的品质育种已越来越被育种家所重视。传统的破坏性抽样检测方法已难以满足育种过程中早代材料的快速筛选要求。近红外光谱技术已在大豆品质检测中得到了广泛应用,但都是针对大量样本的,不能满足育种过程中对少量甚至单粒大豆品质检测的需求。文章采用AOTF近红外光谱仪对单粒大豆的漫反射光谱进行了研究。实验中测定了两个品种的大豆,分别是60粒"垦鉴豆43"和60粒"中黄13"。根据单粒大豆的近红外光谱,结合软独立建模分类法(SIMCA)建立定性分析模型,可准确鉴别大豆的品种。其研究中对"垦鉴豆43"和"中黄13"的识别正确率为100%。通过在不同部位多次测定单粒大豆的光谱,表明对于单粒种子的测定,光谱的准确获取及光谱的代表性是关键。大豆籽粒的表面形态对光谱扫描影响很大。对于表面光滑的大豆,光谱的重复性较好,而存在表面缺陷的种子,多次扫描得到的光谱存在明显差异。作为育种中快速筛选方法的需要,可在外观鉴定剔除表面缺陷的种子后,采用近红外光谱对内部成分进行检测,从而降低外部形态对光谱扫描的影响。

With the development of soybean producing and processing,the quality breeding becomes more and more important for soybean breeders.Traditional sampling detection methods for soybean quality need to destroy the seed,and does not satisfy the requirement of earlier generation materials sieving for breeding.Near infrared（NIR） spectroscopy has been widely used for soybean quality detection.However,all these applications were referred to mass samples,and they were not suitable for little or single seed detection in breeding procedure.In the present study,the acousto-optic tunable filter（AOTF） NIR spectroscopy was used to measure the single soybean seed.Two varieties of soybean were measured,which contained 60 KENJIANDOU43 seeds and 60 ZHONGHUANG13 seeds.The results showed that NIR spectra combined with soft independent modeling of class analogy（SIMCA） could accurately discriminate the soybean varieties.The classification accuracy for KENJIANDOU43 seeds and ZHONGHUANG13 was 100%.The spectra of single soybean seed were measured at different positions,and it showed that the seed shape has significant influence on the measurement of spectra,therefore,the key point for single seed measurement was how to accurately acquire the spectra and keep their representativeness.The spectra for soybeans with glossy surface had high repeatability,while the spectra of seeds with external defects had significant difference for several measurements.For the fast sieving of earlier generation materials in breeding,one could firstly eliminate the seeds with external defects,then apply NIR spectra for internal quality detection,and in this way the influence of seed shape and external defects could be reduced.