中国农村金融制度演化逻辑与改革启示

The Evolution Logic of the Rural Financial Institution and its Reform Enlightenment in China

本文回顾了新中国60多年来农村金融制度演化历程,总结了中国农村金融改革发展的经验教训,在此基础上,提出了未来中国农村金融制度改革和变迁的政策启示。研究表明,农村经济制度变迁和农村金融需求的变化始终是中国过去农村金融制度演化的诱因。未来中国农村金融制度改革,应当始终围绕农村金融与农村经济协调发展为目标,明晰财政金融在"三农"发展中的职能,发挥好财政金融协调配合作用。同时,既需注重体制整体层面的改革,更应注重微观治理机制的改良;既需注重激励农村外生金融深化发展,更应鼓励和引导农村内生金融规范有序发展。

Reviewing the evolution of rural financial institution in the past 60 years in China,this paper summarizes the experience of rural financial reform and development,and proposes some of the key problems of the future reforms.It thinks that the rural economic system change and the rural finance needs change have always been the dominant factors to the rural financial institution evolutes.The future rural financial reform is to take the coordinate development of rural finance and rural economic as goals,clear the roles of fiscal and financial in the ＂three rural＂ development and play their coordinate functions.The future rural financial reform should focus on not only macro-financial institution reforms,but also micro-financial governance improvements,and not only rural exogenous financial development,but also encouraging and guiding the rural endogenous financial development.