肺炎球菌疫苗的研究进展

Research progress of pneumococcal vaccine

肺炎链球菌（即肺炎球菌）导致的疾病在世界各地都是严重的公共健康问题,包括肺炎、脑膜炎、发热性菌血症、中耳炎、鼻窦炎、气管炎等感染.体内外研究显示,肺炎球菌多糖疫苗对成年人肺炎球菌引发的疾病能起到积极的预防作用,但由于多糖疫苗无法刺激产生持续的抗体应答,所以不适用于2岁以下的婴幼儿;而将荚膜多糖与载体蛋白耦联的结合型肺炎球菌疫苗对2岁以下的婴幼儿或免疫缺陷的人群起到积极的保护作用,扩大了使用范围,提高了保护力.本文阐述了预防肺炎球菌疾病疫苗的研究进展,从全菌体疫苗、以菌体荚膜多糖为成分的多糖疫苗直到多糖结合疫苗的发展过程.同时总结了目前国内外结合疫苗的研究现状,认为应将开发安全、有效、价格合理、对肺炎球菌性疾病保护范围广的肺炎球菌疫苗作为高度优先的研究项目.

The diseases caused by Streptococcus pneumoniae （pneumococcus） are serious public health problems around the world, including pneumonia, meningitis, febrile bacteraemia, otitis media,sinusitis and bronchitis. In vivo studies have shown that pneumococcal polysaccharide vaccine can play an active role in prevention of pneumococcal diseases in adults. Because polysaccharide vaccine can not stimulate to produce sustained antibody response,it dose not refer to infants under two years old. And the conjugated pneumococcal vaccine of capsular polysaccharides and carrier protein plays an actively protective role for infants under two years old or immunocompromised people,expands the scope of use,and improves the protection force. This article reports the research progress of pneumococcal vaccine,the development from the whole bacterial vaccine, polysaccharide vaccine composed by bacterial capsular polysaccharide to polysaccharide conjugate vaccine. This review also summarizes the current research status of vaccine at home and abroad, and it is considered that the development of safe, effective and appropriately priced pneumococcal vaccines that offer broad protection against pneumococcal disease should be a highly preferred research project.