四川不同海拔稻田生态条件与杂交水稻生长发育及其应用研究

STUDY ON THE CHANGES IN ECOLOGICAL ENVIRONMENT AND HYBRID RICE DEVELOPMENT AT DIFFERENT ALTITUDES IN SICHUAN

对φ（Ｎ）３２°１４′～３２°５６′，λ（Ｅ）１０４°３６′～１０４°５１′范围内４００～１４００ｍ稻田小气候进行了观测，发现海拔（ｈａｌｔ）不同，稻田生态环境相差很大：ｈａｌｔ每升高１００ｍ，平均气温（θａｒ）递减０．７２℃，年降雨量递增６３．０ｍｍ（４００～６００ｍ）～１０６．８ｍｍ（８００～１４００ｍ），相对湿度递增１％，日照时数呈抛物线上升变化．ｈａｌｔ４００ｍ日均温稳定通过１２．０℃的初期为３月中旬，ｈａｌｔ每升高１００ｍ，该时间延迟５～７ｄ．不同ｈａｌｔ＞１２℃的有效积温分别为３６２１．２℃（４００ｍ）、３２４５．０℃（６００ｍ）、３１４９．９℃（８００ｍ）、２８０４．８℃（１０００ｍ）、２０８２．１℃（１２００ｍ）、１９５０．１℃（１４００ｍ）．在相对较高的ｈａｌｔ，存在明显的逆温和南北坡效应，相应存在杂交水稻局部高产区．

The ecological circumstances of rice fields are greatly varied at different altitudes. The microclimate in rice fields between 400～1400 m above sea level was observed as follows: As altitude rose per 100 m, mean air temperature decreased by 0.72℃, relative humidity increased progressively by 1% , and annual precipitation increased by 63.0 mm (between 400～600 m) and 106.8mm (800～1400 m), respectively. Sunny hours tended to change in parabola. The middle March was the initial period in which daily mean air temperature rose steadly over 12℃ at 400 m and the period was delayed for about 5～10 d as the altitude rose per 100 m. Effective accumulated temperatures in the fields above 12℃ at different altitudes were 3621.2℃/400 m , 3245.0℃/600 m, 3149.9℃/800 m, 2804.8℃/1000 m, 2082.1℃/1200 m and 1950.1 ℃/1400 m, respectively. Owing to the apparent effects of inversion and south-north facing slopes, rice fields with high yields were found in some regions. This study provides the scientific basis for the layout and cultivation of hybrid rice in various regions at different altitudes in Sichuan.