采煤塌陷地不同施肥处理对土壤微生物群落结构的影响

Effects of different fertilization treatments on reclaimed soil microbial community structure in core-mining subsidence area

采用磷脂脂肪酸(PLFA)分析方法,对山西长治襄垣五阳煤矿采煤沉陷区复垦土壤的微生物群落结构进行了研究。结果表明:施肥处理能够不同程度的增加土壤微生物的PLFA总量、细菌PLFA量和真菌PLFA量,其中化肥+有机肥处理下的土壤微生物PLFA总量,细菌PLFA量和真菌PLFA量增加作用比较明显,差异显著于对照处理;对不同施肥处理的复垦土壤微生物群落PLFA进行主成分分析也可得出化肥+有机肥处理下的土壤微生物的群落结构变化比较大,从因子载荷图上进一步分析可知,化肥+有机肥处理下的土壤中代表真菌的不饱和脂肪酸C18∶2ω6t、C18∶3ω6、18∶1ω9t、18∶3ω3的含量较高,这些脂肪酸将化肥+有机肥处理与单施化肥和对照处理区分开来,产生了明显的优势种群。土壤PLFA总量与土壤有机质、碱解氮、速效磷和速效钾含量都有很好的相关性,相关系数分别为0.76,0.85,0.67和0.67。

This paper preliminarily studied the microbial community structure of reclaimed soil in core-mining subsidence area of WuYang coal mine in XiangYuan of ShanXi province by using PLFA analysis methods. The results showed that the total PLFA, bacterial PLFA and fungal PLFA in a reclaimed soil were increased under fertilization treatments compared to the controls. After the content of soil total PLFA were analyzed in core-mining subsidence area under different fertilization treatments, it was shown that at seeding and jointing stage, the total PLFA between fertilization treatments and control were not significant different, but at heading and maturating, the total PLFA was obviously increasd under the treatment of manure with chemical fertilizers, and was significant different from these of control. At seeding, soil bacteria PLFA content under the treatment of manure with chemical fertilizers increased by 120.7% compared to control, and was significant different from these of control. The content of soil bacterial PLFA was obviously increased under the treatment of manure with chemical fertilizers at jointing and heading, and was significant different from that of the eontrol. At maturating stage, the difference was not significant among all the treatments. We also analyzed soil fungi PLFA in core-mining subsidence area under different fertilization treatments. At seeding stage, soil fungal PLFA content was also obviously increased under the treatment of manure with chemical fertilizers compared with other treatments, increasing by 126% compared to control, and was significant different from that of control. At jointing stage, soil fungal PLFA content increased sharply under chemical fertilizers treatment, and was significant different from control. At heading stage, the soil PLFA of fungi under different treatments were significantly different, and the soil PLFA content of fungi reached 325.24nmol/g in the treatment of manure with chemical fertilizers. At maturating stage, the soil PLFA content of fungi under different treatments decreases rapidly compared to the control, and the difference was not significant among all the treatments. The principal component analysis of reclaimed soil PLFA data in core-mining subsidence area under different fertilization treatment indicated that the first principal component （PC1） of the PLFA data has a great contribution to data variation, and the contribution rate was 74.8%, especially the treatment of manure with chemical fertilizers, and it showed a high positive correlation with the first principal component. It could also be seen in factor loading graph that most unsaturated fatty acids like C18：2ω6t, C 18： 3 ω06,18：1 ω9t, 18： 3ω3 which represent fungi were concentrated mainly in area of the treatment of manure with chemical fertilizers and in higher content. It suggested that the treatment of manure with chemical fertilizers had great influence on soil microbial community structure of fungi, which may increase the soil microbial community diversities and produce dominant microorganisms. In addition, the soil total PLFA had good correlation with the amounts of organic matter, alkali- hydrolyzable-N, available P and available K. The relative coefficients were 0.76, 0. 85 , 0. 67and 0.67 respectively. It can proved that soil nutrient content was main factors of energy and nutrition for growth of microorganisms