快速城市化过程中深圳的水资源与水环境问题

Issues of water resources and environment in Shenzhen with rapid urbanization

近30年来,深圳经历了快速城市化过程,出现了许多严重的水资源和水环境问题,如水资源短缺、水质污染严重、水生态退化、水灾害风险增加等.深圳在全国率先成立水务局,实现了城乡水务一体化,并推出5级阶梯水价政策,但当前水价仍未充分反映水资源紧缺程度.针对深圳的水资源和水环境问题,提出了6条保护建议:必须走出"违法成本低,守法成本高"的怪圈;"源头减排"和"污水零排放"是根本;学习新加坡经验,推广水资源的循环利用;优化产业结构,努力发展第三产业;充分利用海水;借鉴发达国家的城市雨水资源利用经验与技术.

In recent 30 years,Shenzhen has witnessed the rapid urbanization,and many serious problems of water resources and environment such as water shortage,water pollution,degeneration of aquatic ecosystem and risk increase of water disasters have been aroused.Shenzhen has first established its Water Authority in China and realized the integrated management of urban and rural water resources,water services and water environment.Although the water price policy with 5 levels is carried out in Shenzhen,the water shortage is not sufficiently reflected in the current water price.With regard to the water resources and enviroment problems in Shenzhen,6 suggestions were proposed as follows：（1） ＂illegality pays less than observance＂ must be stopped in wastewater discharge; （2） ＂reducing discharge from the source＂ and ＂zero liquid discharge＂ are the key points to manage wastewater; （3） good experience should be learnt from Singapore and the recycling of water resources should be popularized; （4） the industrial structure should be optimized and the tertiary industry be developed; （5） seawater should be sufficiently used; （6） the experience of rainwater resources utilization from developed countries should be learned and referred.