我国钢铁行业能源-资本-劳动的替代弹性分析——基于超越对数生产函数

Substitution Elasticity Among Energy,Capital and Labor Inputs in Chinese Steel Sector——based on a trans-log production function

我国是钢铁生产和消费大国,粗钢产量连续13年居世界第一。2000～2007间我国粗钢产量年均增长21.1%。2008年,粗钢产量达到5亿吨,占全球产量的38%,国内粗钢表观消费量4.53亿吨,直接出口折合粗钢6000万吨,占世界钢铁贸易量的15%。但是钢铁工业是大而不强,同时,钢铁也是一个高耗能、高污染的产业,是节能减排潜力最大的行业之一。本文以能源、劳动、资本为投入要素建立了一个超越对数生产函数模型。估算了我国钢铁行业能源、资本、劳动力的产出弹性和替代弹性。结果表明:我国钢铁业能源与资本的替代弹性在1之间,我国钢铁行业可以促进资本对能源投入的有效替代,实现我国钢铁行业全要素能源效率的提高。

China is one of the largest countries for steel production and consumption in the world,crude production is the largest for 13 years in the world.Growth rate of china＇s crude steel production has averaged almost 21.1% per annum during the period 2002～2007.China＇s crude steel production reached 500 million tons in 2008,accounting for approximately 38% of global crude steel production;consumption of China＇s crude steel reached 453 million tons and export is 60 million tons,approximately 15% of global crude steel trade.However,China＇s steel sector still has lower levels of energy efficiency and a major contributor to CO2 emissions.In this article we examine the potential for inter-factor substitution between capital,energy and labor in the Chinese steel sector,basing on a trans-log production function model.This result suggests that the elasticity of substitution between energy and capital fluctuates approximately at value 1,there may be potential for substituting capital for energy to raise total energy efficiency in China＇s steel sector.