农村女性的迁移与中国自杀率的下降

Research on the Migration of Rural Women and the Decline of Chinese Suicide Rate

我国的自杀率在过去20多年出现了一个明显下降的趋势。导致这一趋势的原因有二:一是农村自杀率的下降影响到全国自杀率的下降,二是农村自杀率的下降受到农村女性自杀率下降的左右。针对农村女性自杀率下降的原因,文中的分析着重于改变中国社会结构的大规模人口迁移,即我国境内大批农民离开乡土到城市打工。我国农民的打工潮包括女性的广泛参与。到最近几年,女性离开农村进入城市打工的人数每年有4000万之多。农村女性的大规模迁移规避了三种既往的自杀风险,即农村女性既往的从属地位、既往的家庭纠纷、既往的自杀工具。所以,农村女性的迁移是分析中国自杀率下降的关键之一。

The overall suicide rate in China showed an obvious decline trend in the last 20 years and the authors considered there were two main reasons for this phenomenon. The decline of the national suicide rate was caused by a considerable decline of rural suicides, meanwhile, it is the decrease of female suicides in rural area caused the reduction of rural suicides. As for the reasons causing the decline in rural female suicide rate, the analysis of this paper would focus on the large migration population, a large number of farmers in China who left their home and hunt jobs in the urban area, which changed the Chinese social structure. The female farmers also belonged to this group. Statistic data showed, there were forty millions of female farmers per year left their villages in recent years. The large-scale migration of rural female could effectively avoid three previous suicide risks that were the subordinate status of female in the family, family disputes and past suicide tool respectively. Hence, the authors believed the migration of rural women was one of the key reasons causing the decline of Chinese suicide rate.