温州市流动儿童区域分布及免疫服务状况调查

Distributional Characteristics and Immunization Service Condition of Emigrant Children in Wenzhou

目的了解温州市流动儿童来源、分布特征、变动趋势和预防接种服务提供情况，为改善预防接种服务，制订有效的流动儿童免疫预防管理模式提供依据。方法采用描述流行病学方法对温州市2005—2009年流动儿童调查资料、预防接种服务人员和服务形式进行分析；调查19个乡镇、159个村，了解流动儿童预防接种服务情况、流动人口管理人员参与预防接种服务情况。结果温州市流动儿童以外省户籍为主，占总数的76．5％～80．5％；分布广泛，除海岛、山区外8个县（市、区）均为流动儿童聚集县。免疫规划人员配置与结构不合理，2009年底人员配置比为1．1／万，专职人员占79．7％；专业技术人员占55．3％，高级、中级和初级职称人员分别占0．2％、5．3％和49．8％，无职称人员占44．7％。通过规范化接种门诊建设，逐步推行按目、按周接种，建立常规查漏补种等措施，有效改善了预防接种服务，但流动儿童的免疫规划管理不容乐观。结论温州市免疫规划服务能力已不能适应社会、经济发展和人口流动的新形势。应加强免疫规划服务体系建设，改善预防接种形式，加强部门配合，逐步提高服务能力和服务质量。

Objective To know the source, distributional characteristics, change trend and immunization service of emigrant children in Wenzhou in order to provide basis for improving the immunization service and developing effective management models of immunization. Methods The method of descriptive epidemiology was performed to analyze the survey data of the emigrant children, immunization servicers and service forms in Wenzhou from 2005 to 2009. 159 villages from 19 towns were surveyed. Results Most emigrant children in Wenzhou city, accounting for 76.5% to 80.5% , were from other provinces, and distributed throughout 8 counties except islands and mountainous areas. The distribution and structure of immunization service staff were irrational, the staff allocation ratio reaching 1.1/10,000at the end of 2009, including 79.7% full -time staff, and 55.3% was professional technicians, including 0. 2% senior, 5.3% medium and 49.8% junior title staff, respectively. The quality of immunization service had been improved efficiently by the foundation of standardized immunization clinics, gradual generalization of daily and weekly vaccination. However, the immunization program management of emigrant children was not optimistic. Conclusions The immunization capacity of Wenzhou can not meet the social and economic development and the new situation of population mobility. We should strengthen the construction of immunization system, improve the forms of vaccination and enhance the cooperation of multi - sections to promote service capacity and quality gradually.