国际海事仲裁中的缺员仲裁

Truncated tribunal in international maritime arbitration

针对当前国际海事仲裁界面临的缺员仲裁庭问题,从"缺员仲裁庭"问题之由来,各国对"缺员仲裁庭"裁决的承认和执行情况,中国对"缺员仲裁庭"问题的规定,国际商事仲裁规则及外国法对"缺员仲裁庭"问题处理的借鉴等4方面进行阐述,指出缺员仲裁庭是否重新指定替代仲裁员需视仲裁阶段而定:若缺员仲裁发生在仲裁活动早期,那么应当依据适用的仲裁规则的规定尽速替换仲裁员,组成新的仲裁庭审理;若缺员仲裁发生在仲裁活动(包括书面审理)结束后,则可由缺员仲裁庭自行决定如何处理,包括决定是否重新指定替代仲裁员和是否需要重新审理案件.

In consideration of the truncated tribunal issue in the current international maritime arbitration field,four items are expounded.The items are the origin of＂truncated tribunal＂,the recognition and en-forcement of awards by＂truncated tribunal＂all around the world,Chinese provisions of＂truncated tribu-nal＂,and the＂truncated tribunal＂approach that references from the international commercial arbitration rules and foreign law.It is pointed out that whether the substituted arbitrator needs to be appointed or not mainly depends on the arbitral stage.If the truncated arbitration occurs at early stage of arbitral activi-ties,it is essential to replace the arbitrator according to the applicable arbitration rules and try by re-com-posed tribunal.If the truncated arbitration occurs after arbitral activities（including the documentary trial）,it leaves the truncated tribunal to make their discretion,including whether to appoint the substitu-ted arbitrator or to retry the case.