明代品官命妇参与宫廷大典考述

Study on Ladies with Royal Granted Titles Attending Formal Court Ceremonies in Ming Dynasty

明代品官命妇是女性中的特殊阶层。她们的身份既具有从属性,又具有独立性。明朝法律赋予命妇参与宫廷大典的权利。她们按照不同品级穿着冠服,入宫朝贺,参加皇室的丧葬仪式,与皇后一起进行亲蚕大礼。随着制度的修订,参与大典的命妇品级越来越高。这在一定程度上扩大了命妇们的活动空间,也为她们的生活增添了荣耀。这种荣耀地位不仅高于普通的妇女,也高于在社会性别上占优势的普通男子。

Ladies with royal granted titles were a special hierarchy.They had a subordinative and self-governed dignity.They got the rights of attending formal court ceremonies with formal official hats and costumes.They would celebrate the royal family＇s happiness and go to mourning when someone in royal family died.They also attended the ceremony on qincan with the empress.With revising the institution,the rank of ladies with royal granted titles who attended formal court ceremonies became higher and higher.The rights expanded their activity space to some extent and added glories to their life.