岩溶含水层脆弱性评价方法探讨

Study on vulnerability assessment of karst aquifer

阐述岩溶地下水脆弱性的概念和岩溶含水层的特殊性,介绍几种有代表性的岩溶含水层脆弱性评价方法,认为DRASTIC模型是目前应用最广泛的,但该模型没有单独考虑岩溶含水层的特殊性;EPIK法是第1个专门针对岩溶含水层的方法,用于水资源保护区划分,但评价体系和权重系统不太完善;越南模式是一种极端简化的方法,在数据较少的地区有一定的借鉴意义;Slovenia模式为最新方法,是迄今为止对岩溶含水层脆弱性指标诠释最为详细的方法,但需要更多的实践检验。目前岩溶含水层脆弱性评价在机理研究、权重分配、数据获取、结果验证、定量研究和方法选取等方面仍面临着挑战,也是今后的发展趋势和研究方向。

The vulnerability and distinctiveness of karst aquifers are explained, and several typical approaches of groundwater vulnerability assessment are introduced. It is pointed out that the DRASTIC approach is the most popularly used method, even though the particularity of the karst aquifer is not considered. The EPIK approach is the first method specially for karst aquifers that has been applied to demarcate the protection area of the water resources, but the appraisal and the weighting system are not faultless. The Vietnam mode is an extremely simple approach worth considering in areas lacking data. The Slovenia approach is the latest and gives the most detailed annotation of karst aquifer vulnerability indexes, but more practical verification is still needed. However, research on the mechanics, weighting assignment, data acquisition, verification of results, quantification assessment, and approach selection is still facing challenges, which are also the development trends for the future.