昆明城市发展进程中的水资源演变分析

Analysis of water resources evolution with urban development in Kunming

根据近年昆明市水资源量监测及其开发利用的有关资料,分析了昆明市发展过程中水资源及其开发利用变化的特征量。结果表明:昆明市水资源总量呈减少趋势,用水结构发生变化,生活用水缓慢增加,生产用水小幅减少,城市绿化等其他用水大幅度增长,供用水矛盾日益突出;GDP总量用水量增大,用水效率提高,但与发达地区相比,具有一定的节水潜力;同时,饮用水水源地水质也呈下降趋势,滇池及其入湖河流水质长期处于Ⅴ类或劣Ⅴ类;随着经济社会快速发展,滇池流域水资源将不能满足昆明市发展的需要。昆明仍是全国14个最缺水城市之一,城市用水将依赖于外流域远距离调水,但应充分考虑城市雨水资源利用,同时也应做好突发性水安全事故的应急预案。

Based on recent water resources quantity monitoring data and relevant data on the development and utilization of water resources, the characteristic quantity of water resources and development and utilization change in the urban development process was analyzed. The results indicated that the total water resources had a decreasing trend, and water consumption was increasing in Kunming. The water utilization structure had changed： domestic water increased slowly, process water decreased slightly, urban landscaping and other water use increased greatly, and the contradiction between water supply and water use became more and more significant. The water consumption of the total GDP quantity increased, as did the water use efficiency. However, compared with the developed region, the water-saving potential was still large. Meanwhile, the water quality of the drinking water souree had a decreasing trend, and the water quality of Dianchi Lake and its inflow rivers stayed at a level V water standard or worse than level V for a long time. With the rapid development of the economy and society, the amount of water resources of the Dianchi Lake Basin could not meet the need of urban development in Kunming. Kunming was One of 14 cities with water scarcity in China, and the water supply depends on long-distance water diversion from other basins. Urban rainwater resources utilization should be fully considered, and emergency measures for sudden water safety accidents should be prepared.