现代汉语认知称谓词的隐喻及转喻研究

Metaphorical and Metonymical Approach to Chinese Cognitive Appellation Nouns

借助认知语言学的隐喻和转喻理论,研究了一个社会语言学关注的语言现象——汉语的认知称谓词。其中的结构隐喻以相似性为经验基础,对"人"认知的概念化过程遵循了存在之链中从低到高的顺序。空间隐喻则遵循了意象图式隐喻的内在逻辑,以经验共现为基础。此外,相当数量的包含转喻思维的认知称谓词证明了概念转喻对抽象思维所发挥的不可忽视的作用,主要涉及理想认知模型整体与部分和部分与部分的转喻关系,事物之间的相邻性是转喻的基础。借人指人的汉语认知称谓词证明人名可以代表角色,这是Fauconnie否认人名代表角色的可能性的一个反证。

In the light of cognitive linguistics theory of metaphor and metonymy, this paper focuses on a linguistic phenomenon which calls constant attention of sociolingnistics, Chinese cognitive appellation nouns. It is found that the structural metaphor in the working data is based on experiential similarity; the conceptualization of ＂human＂ is in accordance with ＂The Great Chain of Being＂, a hierarchy of things structured from the top to the bottom. Orientational metaphor follows the inherent logic in image schema metaphor, the experiential basis of which is experiential cooccurrence. In addition, there exist a considerable number of appellation nouns consisting of metonymy, which prove that metonymy contributes significantly to cognitive activities. What is mainly concerned in the working data is metonymical relationship of whole-part and part-part in an ICM. Contiguity is the basis of metonymical relationship. The cognitive appellation nouns using a proper name to refer to another person justifies that name can stand for the role, which is a counterevidence of Fauconnie＇ s claim that name cannot stand for the role.