一座热带城市型水库浮游动物群落结构的特征

Characteristics of community structure of zooplankton in a tropical urban reservoir

2008年12月～2009年9月,分4个季节月采样,研究了一座热带城市型水库——深圳铁岗水库的浮游动物群落结构。共鉴定出浮游动物73种,均为热带、亚热带或广温性种类。轮虫的种类数和数量在各采样点和各次采样中均居首位。淡水筒壳虫(Tintinnidium fluviatile)、长肢多肢轮虫(Polyarthra dolichoptera)、角突臂尾轮虫(Brachionus angularis)、镰状臂尾轮虫(B.falcatus)、前节晶囊轮虫(Asplanchna priodonta)、萼花臂尾轮虫(B.calyciflorus)和桡足类(Copepodities)幼体是4季中最主要的优势种(类群)。聚类分析和标系排序分析显示,铁岗水库浮游动物群落结构存在空间分布差异。九围和料坑库湾浮游动物群落结构4个季节均在一组,萼花臂尾轮虫、尾突臂尾轮虫(B.caudatus)和矩形龟甲轮虫(Keratella quadrata)主要分布于该组,镰状臂尾轮虫主要分布于西丽入水口,剪形臂尾轮虫(B.forficula)和腹足腹尾轮虫(Gastropus hyptopus)主要分布于库中央。浮游动物密度、优势种(类群)组成、群落多样性指数结果分析表明,铁岗水库的水质已受到人类活动的影响,其中又以九围库湾和料坑库湾较严重。

From Dec.2008 to Sep.2009,we studied the characteristics of community structure of zooplankton in a tropical urban reservoir,Shenzhen Tiegang Reservoir.Seventy-three tropical,subtropical or eurythermal species of zooplankton are identified,and Rotaria ranks first in terms of species number and quantity at each sampling site in every sampling season.Tintinnidium fluviatile,Polyarthra dolichoptera,Brachionus angularis,B.falcatus,Asplanchna priodonta,B.calyciflorus and Copepodities are the main dominant species（groups） in 4 seasons.The clustering and nMDS ordination analyses reveal significant difference of spatial distribution among the community structures of zooplankton.Jiuwei Bay and Liaokeng Bay belong to a same group in 4 seasons,and B.calyciflorus,Keratella quadrata and B.caudatus are classified in this group.B.falcatus is mainly distributed at Xili inlet,while B.forficula and Gastropus hyptopus are mainly distributed in the centre of the reservoir.According to the analyses of the density,dominant species（groups） composition and diversity indices of zooplankton,the water in Tiegang Reservoir has been affected by human activities,and Jiuwei and Liaokeng Bay are relatively seriously affected.