中国土壤对酸沉降的相对敏感性区划

Mapping the Relative Sensitivity of Soils to Acid Deposition in China*

以土壤类型、土地利用和湿度为生态因子，评价中国土壤对酸沉降的相对敏感性，并利用地理信息系统的工具绘制了相对敏感性区划图．在评价土壤的缓冲能力时，除了以土壤的化学性质为指标外，还综合考虑了土壤质地和温度这２个重要因素，使得评价方法更适合我国土壤理化性质差异大和南北温差大的特点．区划的结果表明，我国对酸沉降最敏感的地区主要分布在东北的大兴安岭地区、云南的南部和华南沿海地区，其次是东北地区、长江以南和青藏高原西部的广大地区，而我国的绝大多数地区，包括西北和华北地区。

The relative sensitivity of Chinese soils to acid deposition was assessed based on three ecological factors of soil type, landuse and soil humidity. The relative sensitivity map of China was also plotted through the geographical information system(GIS) tools. According to the regional differences in temperature and physicochemical characteristics of soils in China, soil texture and temperature, as well as chemical characteristics, were take into account for the first time as indicators to assess the buffering rate of soils. Results show that the most sensitive area to acid deposition in China refers to the Daxinganling Mountain in northeast China, the southern part of Yunnan province, and the coastal areas in south China. In addition, wide areas in northeast China, south to the Changjiang(Yangtze) River, and on the west of the Qingzang(Tibetan)Plateau are also sensitive. Although the sensitivity of soils varies significantly from site to site, large areas, especially in northwest China and in north China, are quite insusceptible to acid deposition.