粤港澳地区大气中有机污染物初步研究

Preliminary Study on Organic Pollutants in Atmosphereof Guangzhou, Hong Kong and Macao*

用Ｔｅｋｍａｒ多填层吸附管连接ＴＭＰ－１５００空气采样器采集ＶＯＣｓ样，然后在Ｔｅｋｍａｒ６０３２／３０００吹扫捕集系统与ＧＣ／ＭＳＤ联用仪上分析；用ＴＨ－１０００Ｌ型大容量采样器收集ＴＳＰ气溶胶样，ＴＳＰ滤膜经抽提分离后，烷烃和芳烃进行ＧＣ／ＭＳＤ分析，研究了广州、香港和澳门地区大气挥发有机物（ＶＯＣｓ）和气溶胶可溶有机物的组成与成因．结果表明，３城市大气中普遍检出ＢＴＥＸ、氯代烃、单萜烯、多环芳烃、甾萜等代表人为污染、地质尘埃和植被散发物等来源的有机污染物，其中汽车尾气排放物成因占优势．广州、香港和澳门３城市比较。

The composition and origin of the volatile and semivolatile organic compounds exist in air and aerosol samples in Guangzhou, Hong Kong and Macao were analyzed and discussed in the present paper. Volatile organic compounds(VOCs)were absorpted in a Tekmar absorption sampling tube by using a TMP1500 air sampler, and analyzed on an integrated system of Tekmar 6032 aerosampler/3000 purge & trap concentrator interfaced with a HP5972AGC/MSD. Aerosol samples(total suspended particulate, TSP)were collected with TH1000L Highvolume TSP samplers. Semivolatile organic compounds in aerosol, after ultrasonic extraction from glassfiber filter and further separation with column chromatography, were also quantitatively analyzed with GC/MSD. The results showed that organic pollutants, such as BTEX, halohydrocarbons, monoterpenes, PAHs, steranes and hopanes, were widely detected in the ambient atmospheric of the three cities. The main sources of these compounds include anthropogenic emissions, geological dust and flor al/plant emissions. Vehicle exhaust emissions were suggested to be the predominant pollution sources for the organic pollutants in the ambient atmosphere. The anthropogenic air pollution in Macao was found to be more serious than that in Hong Kong and Guangzhou.