上海城市地质调查成果在城市规划中的应用(摘要)

Application of Urban Geological Production to Urban Plan in Shanghai

城市地质信息作为城市规划的基础资料,是决定城市用地选择的恰当与否、城市的功能组织和城市规划布局合理性的关键,同时对建设工程的经济决策和城市的运营管理等也有一定的影响。

As the basic material of urban plan, urban geological information plays a definitive role in land selection, and urban function organization, and building layout. Meanwhile, it has a big impact on decision-making of construction investment and management of urban running. In the different phase of urban development in Shanghai, urban geology not only acts as a pioneer, but also plays an important role in urban comprehensive plan, and layout of city and town, and location selection of grand project. During the development of Shanghai 3-D urban geological survey, which is started from the year of 2004, application of the result runs through the whole process. According to city function and town layout and synthetically using modern geological methods, this survey carries through investigation of bedrock geology, hydrology, engineering geology, and geo-hazard, and assessment of the feasibility of underground space use. The productions of this survey are widely applied to urban comprehensive plan, regional plan, underground space use plan, and groundwater resource management plan. All of these have provided strongly technique support on city continuable development and reducing construction and running cost of the city. Different phase of urban plan demands different geological information and assessment production. So this survey carries out practical service content for urban plan, and has got success in the following aspects. First of all, urban comprehensive plan fully applies the result of regional crustal stability assessment and geological structure character. This survey detailedly analyzes the crustal stability in Shanghai area, and concludes that all the faults are not active since Holocene and will not influence the construction. Additionally, effected comprehensively by sea, river, and ancient climate, the geological structure in Shanghai area is extremely complex, which has a big disadvantageous impact on layout of city and town, underground space use, and location selection of grand project. Secondly, new city plan of each district of Shanghai make full use of the urban geological survey production in new city plan area. For the new city plan, this survey emphatically investigates engineering geological conditions and hydrological conditions related to construction. The result indicates that the engineering geological conditions are very complex, and each new city is situated in different geological division. So the difference of engineering geological and hydrological conditions influences building layout, construction, and investment of infrastructure. Take Lingang New City as an example, because a third of the new city plan area is a new land formed by filling sea with a large amount of loose sand soil, the thickness of which is different, the engineering geological character of shallow soil layers is extreme disadvantageous for construction and underground space use. However, in the former plan, underground common pipeline tunnel is planed to install all pipelines to save money. For that, according to the result of Lingang New City geological survey, we adequately assessed the feasibility of the plan. Finally, we concluded that it is not suitable for underground common pipeline construction because of bad construction conditions, big geo-hazard risk, and high cost, and the corresponding plan department canceled this scheme. Thirdly, the results about geological structure and geo-environmental security assessment are completely applied to underground space use plan. Underground space development needs to take reasonable space plan, geo-hazard risk control, construction technique, construction cost, and others into account. Among of them, geo-hazard risk is directly related to construction safety, therefore, we must investigate regional geological structure, and engineering geological and hydrological conditions to prevent geo-hazard happening. Underground project construction should especially pay attention to sand liquefaction, soft foundation transformation, and water and soil piping induced by confined groundwater. However, because of complex geological structure and engineering geological and hydrological conditions in Shanghai, there exists different geo-hazard risk in different place; correspondingly, the geo-environmental feasibility for underground space is dissimilar. Additionally, if the depth of underground space use is different, the geo-hazard faced will be not the same, and the construction cost will also be not various. Therefore, urban planners should properly modify their underground space use plan according the assessment result though geological survey. For example, in the plan area of EXPO 2010 Shanghai, there are a large amount of underground projects. So we take it as a demonstration project of Shanghai 3-D urban geological survey, and emphatically assess the geo-environmental feasibility of underground space use for different place and different depth. We also work out the division map of geo-environmental feasibility of excavation projects and tunnel projects, and the excavation depth includes 10m, 20m, and 30m. All of the results are fully applied to plan, construction, and management of EXPO 2010 Shanghai. Lastly, the result is directly applied to groundwater resource plan. In order to realize reasonably using groundwater re source, and meanwhile protect geo-environment, we have studied the relationship between continuable groundwater resource use and geo-environmental protection. And based on that, we work out special plan of groundwater use and hand it in the government. In this plan, we put forward the construction scheme of urgent groundwater supply sites, and forecast the geo-hazard risk induced by massively using groundwater after one, and three months. The result indicates that the scheme is feasible, and could provide water guarantee when urgent accident happens in the city. To sum up, the productions of Shanghai urban geological survey have been fully applied to urban plan. Presently, we deeply implement geological information service for urban plan, and set Hongqiao commerce district and Anting automobile city as demonstration service area. We hope we can create a new domain in geological information service for urban plan.