氮磷配施对“济麦22”小麦产量及品质的影响

Effects of phosphorus and nitrogen fertilization on yield and quality of wheat

通过田间试验研究了氮磷配施对超高产冬小麦"济麦22"产量及磨粉品质、糊化特性、面团流变学特性及烘焙品质等的影响。结果看出,容重、出粉率与磨粉品质呈显著正相关;峰值粘度和峰值时间对面粉糊化特性影响显著;湿面筋含量、沉降值与面团流变学特性指标呈显著或极显著正相关,且对烘焙品质的影响显著。产量和品质的大部分指标随施氮磷量的增加而发生显著变化,氮磷肥对产量和品质的互作效应显著。施N 300 kg/hm2、P 150kg/hm2处理可获得超高产,且容重、出粉率、湿面筋含量、沉降值及面团稳定时间均显著高于其它处理,表现出较好的磨粉品质和烘焙品质。表明在本试验条件下,该施肥量是济麦22优质超高产的最佳施肥模式。

A field experiment was conducted under the super-high-yielding conditions to evaluate the effects of application of phosphorus fertilizer combined with nitrogen fertilizer on yield and quality of wheat cultivar,Jimai 22.The RVA,alveograph,consistograph and extensograph were used to determine the milling quality,pasting indices,dough rheological properties and baking quality indices of wheat.The results indicate that the grain bulk weight and percentage of flour both had a significant positive correlation with milling quality,peak viscosity and peak time have significant effects on the pasting indices,and the wet gluten content and SDS sedimentation have significant positive correlations with baking quality indices at the 0.05 or 0.01 levels.The yield and most of the quality indices are significant changed with the increase of N and P fertilizer applications.There are significant interaction effects between the N and P fertilizers on the yield and quality.The super high yield of the Jimai 22 is achieved under the applications of nitrogen at 300 kg/ha and phosphorus at 150 kg/ha,and as well as the high values of grain bulk weight,flour milling rate,wet gluten content,SDS sedimentation and dough stability time.These results indicate the amounts of the applied fertilizers are the best fertilization model for high quality and super high yield.