纳米增效尿素对水稻产量及氮肥农学利用率的影响

Effects of NMUrea on rice yield and agronomic nitrogen efficiency

在2009年水稻生长季,以高产水稻品种皖稻153为试材,研究了纳米增效尿素和普通尿素对水稻产量及氮肥农学利用率的影响。结果表明,等施氮量下,纳米增效尿素处理水稻分蘖数、叶片SPAD值、干物质积累量均显著高于普通尿素处理。施氮量在N 0-90 kg/hm^2范围内,纳米增效尿素处理子粒产量、氮肥农学利用率与普通肥料处理无明显差异;随施氮量进一步增加,差异则达显著水平;其中,纳米增效尿素处理水稻产量最大增幅达10.2%,氮肥农学利用率最大增幅达44.5%。根据施氮量与产量拟合方程推算,施氮量在N 90-244.9 kg/hm^2范围内,获得相同产量,纳米增效尿素比普通尿素可节省氮12.4%-41.7%。在本试验条件下,纳米增效尿素施用量为N 244.9 kg/hm^2时,水稻子粒产量达11174.7 kg/hm^2,比普通尿素提高9.2%,氮肥农学利用率为13.7 kg/kg,比普通尿素提高4 kg/kg,是理想的超高产氮肥运筹模式;纳米增效尿素施用量为N 180 kg/hm^2时,水稻子粒产量达10332.9 kg/hm^2,比普通尿素提高6.0%,氮肥农学利用率为18.5 kg/kg,比普通尿素提高4.3 kg/kg,是理想的氮肥运筹安全模式。

The study was conducted to investigate the effects of the NMUrea on rice yield and agronomic efficiency of nitrogen fertilizer（NAE） of the high-yield-cultivar Wandao153 in 2009.The results show that comparing with the normal urea treatments,the tiller numbers,SPAD values,accumulation amounts of dry matter are increased significantly under the NMUrea treatments with the same nitrogen rate.Meanwhile,the grain yields of the NMUrea treatments are larger than those of the normal urea treatments when the nitrogen rates are from 0 to 90 kg/ha,but the differences are not significant,while the grain yields and NAE of the NMUrea treatments are increased significantly when the nitrogen rates are further increased,and the grain yield is increased by 10.2% and NAE is increased by 44.5% in their maxima.Based on the developed model between the yield and the fertilizer rate,the agronomic efficiencies of the normal urea are only 58.3%-87.6% of those of the NMUrea when the nitrogen rates are from 90 to 244.9 kg/ha,and the NMUrea can save 12.4%-41.7% of nitrogen.It is suggested that the NMUrea treatment with N 244.9 kg/ha is the perfect treatment for high-grain-yield cultivation,and has the highest grain yield of 11174.7 kg/ha and a much higher NAE,and the NMUrea treatment with N 180 kg/ha is the perfect treatment for safe cultivation,has much higher grain yield and NAE.