生姜对氮、磷、钾吸收分配规律研究

Absorption and distribution of nitrogen,phosphorus and potassium in ginger

通过田间试验研究了高产生姜生长特性及对氮、磷、钾的吸收分配规律。结果表明,生姜幼苗期生长缓慢,虽持续时间占全生育期的52.6%,但干物质积累量较少,对N、P2O5、K2O的吸收速率较低,吸收量仅占全生育期的24%左右;发棵期植株生长迅速,N、P2O5、K2O的吸收速率分别达3.5、1.3和4.9 kg/(hm2.d),吸收量约占全生育期的30%左右;根茎膨大期对N的吸收速率略有降低,而P2O5、K2O则仍分别高达1.3和5.1 kg/(hm2.d),N、P2O5、K2O吸收量分别占全生育期的44.0%、45.5%和47.1%。随生长的进行,N、P2O5、K2O在茎、叶中的分配率呈降低的趋势,而在根茎中的分配率则逐渐增加;在根茎膨大期,根茎中的N、P2O5、K2O分配率分别达50.0%、61.0%和46.5%。生姜全生育期对N、P2O5、K2O的吸收比例约为2.5∶1.0∶3.8。本试验条件下,每生产1000 kg生姜根茎产品,分别吸收N、P2O5、K2O约4.67、1.90和7.25 kg。

The absorption and distribution of nitrogen,phosphorus,potassium and growth characteristics of high-yield ginger were studied in this experiment.The results show that ginger plant grows slowly and accumulation of dry matter is low at the seedling stage.Although duration of the seedling stage accounts for 52.6% of the whole growth period,the absorption of N,P2O5 and K2O accounts for about 24%.At the stems and leaves vigorous growth stage,plants begin to grow fast,the absorption rates of N,P2O5 and K2O reach 3.5,1.3 and 4.9 kg/（ha·d）,respectively,and the absorption accounts for about 30% of the whole growth period.At the rhizome-expanding stage,the absorption rate of N decreases slightly,while that of P2O5 and K2O still reaches as high as 1.3 and 5.1 kg/（ha·d）,and the absorption of N,P2O5 and K2O accounts for 44.0%,45.5% and 47.1% of the whole period,respectively.With the growth of ginger plant,the distribution rates of nitrogen,phosphorus and potassium in the stems and leaves show a decreased trend,but gradually increase in rhizomes.At the rhizome expanding stage,the distribution rates of N,P2O5 and K2O in rhizomes are 50.0%,61.0% and 46.5%,respectively.At the whole growth period,the absorption ratio of N,P2O5 and K2O is 2.5∶1.0∶3.8 and the demand of N,P2O5 and K2O for every 1000 kg rhizome product are about 4.67,1.90 and 7.25 kg,respectively.