业主维权过程中的行动策略与权力结构——基于广州市两个居住小区的比较

Community Power Structure and Action Strategies in the Process of House Owner's Right Protection Movement:A Comparison of Two Residential Communities in Guangzhou

本文旨在分析比较福利房与商品房两类小区的业主在维权事件中不同的情境和行动策略,并探讨维权行动所体现出的社区权力结构的差异。通过比较得知,业主在社区权力结构中不同的地位是导致其不同维权方式和不同维权效果的关键因素。前者仍然受到单位"隐性庇护",具有更加开放的政治机会结构。居委会的指导、管理处的妥协使业主们的利益表达渠道畅通,业主们完全可以在体制内取得维权的满意效果。而后者的机会结构缺乏较强的开放性,开发商及管理处的强势地位、居委会的不作为等因素造成了业主们大多运用体制外的斗争方式来暴力维权,进而导致维权行动的失利。本文的基本结论是,以业主维权为表征的社区现状是,福利房小区倾向于并易于获得传统的国家庇护,而商品房小区则侧重于市民社会中自下而上的自觉行动。简言之,我国基层社区自治因小区类型的不同而呈现出不同的表现方式。

This paper analyzes and compares the difference of the owner＇s right protection movement and the community power structure in the welfare housing and commodity housing. It＇s concluded that home owners＇ status in the community power structure is the core factor of various action strategies. The unit＇s asylum policy is still provided for the （A） Public Housing, so the owners obtain more opening political opportunity structure. But the （B） Commercial Housing has closed political opportunity structure. The article concludes that the character of house owner＇s action in the community is that the public housing owner＇s autonomy is prone to achieve the asylum from the conventional state. However, the commercial housing owner is characterized by the conscious bottom-up action in civil society. In a word, the types of community autonomy have different forms as the community changes.