莫索湾垦区荒漠化土地物理特性研究

Study on Soil Physical Properties of Desertified Land in Mosuowan Reclamation Area

荒漠化是通过一种或多种营力过程造成的土地退化过程。本文选取莫索湾垦区风力作用和物理作用所造成的沙质荒漠化、泥质荒漠化和碱化土地为样品，通过土壤的机械组成分析、土壤饱和含水率、容重和田间持水量，以及入渗率的测试，定量地研究了土壤在荒漠化过程中物理性质的变化。为改善土壤物理性质，使土地荒漠化逆转，为提高土地生产力提供科学依据。

Desertification is the process of land degradation resulting from a process or combination of processes. These processes include the acts of water erosion, wind erosion, as well as chemical and physical acts. This article, taking the lands of sandy desertification, pelitization and alkalization as example, through the grain-size analysis of soil compositions, the determination of saturated water content and bulk density of soils, as well as the measurement of field water-holding capacity and infiltration rate, quantitatively study the change of soil physical properties on the process of desertification. The results show, with the increase of coarse materials, the sandy soil has lower water-holding capacity and fast infiltration rate so that its capacity for water-keeping and fertilizer-keeping is poorer. On the other hand, the cohesiveness of sandy soil is low, so it is easy to be eroded; claying soil has higher bulk density and its texture is compact, so, the infiltration rate is overslow, the water and gas permeability is poorer. At the same time, these soils are slightly alkalized. Thus, in order to reverse the desertified land, that is said, to improve soil physical properties, to increase land productivity and to make agriculture sustainable development, the method of 'foreign soil' and the relevant measurements (such as applying organic matter and mineral fertilizer) must be used.