煤矸石山立地条件与林业复垦研究——以山西统配煤矿为例

Site Condition and Forestry reclamation of Colliery Waste piles

煤矸石是我国工业排弃数量最大的固体废弃物，它带来的危害是压占土地、破坏景观、污染环境。山西省作为能源重化工基地，煤矸石的堆积、污染问题尤为突出，改造任务异常艰巨。研究结果表明：煤矸石成山状堆积，仅表层１０ｃｍ左右有物理风化，下层很难风化；煤矸石山可蓄一定的水分，但地表高温，养分贫瘠，特别是自燃后的矸石强酸高盐，给植被恢复带来了极大的困难；大量煤矸石山的基本出路是进行林业复垦。其适用技术体系包括：①做好水保工程，保留地表黑色风化层；②引入先锋草种、树种；③薄盖土后直播；④加强施肥、病虫害防治等管理。

Colliery waste is the most numerous solid waste discharged byindustry in China.It occupies land ,destroys landscape,and pollutes environment.It is without exception for shanxi province.The study results show that:Piled colliery waste is like mountain.Physical weathering happens only within surface layer of 10 cm or so and difficulty does under the layer;Colliery waste piles is able to store a certain amount of water,but it is difficulty for vegetation to make a recovery because of, at the surface layer , the high temperature,poor nutrient and especially strong acid and highvalue salts produced by spontaneous combustion of colliery waste;Forestry reclamation is the best way of utilizing colliery waste.The feasible operation technology systems include: conserving water and soil,preserving black weathering layer; planting grasses or trees suitable to grow in the area;seeding after covering the surface of colliery waste piles with a thin layer of soil; applying fertilizer to grasses and trees and to prevent and control plant pest,etc.