摘要
哺乳动物卵从出生前的胚胎时期开始成熟分裂,出生时到达双线期。此时为减数分裂的休止期,卵母细胞有一个明显的核即生发泡。生殖期中,在每一发情周期都有一些卵母细胞继续其减数分裂过程,发育成熟。排卵前减数分裂从核网期开始,包括生发泡破裂和排出第一极体。排卵时休止于第二次减数分裂中期,这些卵只有与精子相遇受精或人工激活才能排出第二极体,完成第二次减数分裂。尔后,受精卵或人工激活卵可在体内或体外发育成胚胎。哺乳动物个体发育过程中,从配子发生至囊胚期各发育阶段的细胞具有全能性与可塑性,可通过体外操作增加数量和改变质量以提高家畜的生产性能。因而,加强对这一发育阶段的研究具有重要的理论意义和实际应用价值。文章将论述其研究进展,包括减数分裂的休止与启动的调控,卵的精子激活与人工激活,受精胚、孤雌胚和重组胚的体内与体外发育以及雄性和雌性基因组在个体发育中的作用。
Inmammalianoocytes,meioticmaturationisinitiatedduringprenatallifeandreachesthediplotenestagejustbeforeorimmediatelyafterbirth.Atthisstagethemeioticprocessisarrested.Aprominentnucleusintheoocytesisthegerminalvesicle.Duringfertilelife,ateachestrouscycle,anumberoftheoocytesresumetheirmeioticprocess.Preovulatoryresumptionofmeiosisbythedictyateoocyteincludesgerminalvesiclebreakdownandextrusionofthefirstpolarbody.Atovulation,thesecondarymeioticarrestisatthemetaphasestage.Thesecondmeioticdivisioniscompletedonlyaftertheabstrictionofthesecondpolarbody,whichoccursonlyonfertilizationorparthenogeneticstimulation.Thefertilizedorartificiallyactivatedeggsthenbegintodevelopintoembryosinvitroandinvivo.Thisisaveryimportantdevelopmentalperiodinmammalianlifeforimprovingtheirperformancesthroughmanipulationofthegametesandembryosinvitro.Themain researchachievementsonmeioticresumptionandparthenogenesisinmammalianoocytesaredescribedinthisreview,includingmeioticarrestandresumption,spermandparthenogeneticactivation,developm
出处
《江苏农业学报》
CSCD
北大核心
1999年第2期116-126,共11页
Jiangsu Journal of Agricultural Sciences
关键词
哺乳动物
卵母细胞成熟
孤雌生殖
重组胚的发育
mammals
oocytematuration
parthenogenesis
developmentofreconstitutedembryosentinvitroandinvivoofparthenogenones,gynogenonesandandrogenones,androleofpaternalandmaternalgenomes.