高产水稻适宜基因型及株型特点模拟

MODELING SUITABLE GENOTYPES AND PLANT GROWTH CHARACTERS FOR HIGH YIELD RICE

用上海、南京两地的气象、土壤、品种及栽培管理资料建立了数据库，再通过CERES－RICE进行了模拟试验，研究探讨了水稻品种不同生长性状的生理效应。结果表明：增强籽粒数潜力，可在一定范围内提高籽粒数和籽粒产量；增加籽粒重能提高籽粒产量，但降低了籽粒数；减弱分蘖力可提高籽粒数和籽粒产量及粒茎重比值，并在一定范围内提高单茎重；增强光合效率，将提高生物量、籽粒数与籽粒产量。因此，长江下游地区的超高产水稻基因型应该具有壮秆、少蘖、多粒大穗和高光合效率等生理性状。

The CERES-RICE model was used to predict physiological impact of genetic manipulation under the environments of the lower Yangtze Valley using weather, soil and management data in Shanghai and NanJlng areas. The CERES-RICE model was validated and modified to represent different genetic traits in relation to development and growth of rice.Then, simulation experiments were conducted by changing the genetic parameters within physiological ranges. The results indicate that increasing single grain weight has a positive effect on yield and negative effect on grain number. Increasing spikelet production potential greatly increases grain number and yield. Lowering tillering ability reduces spike number,but increased grain number,yield and single stem weight up to a peak. lncreasing photosynthetic efficiency increases biomass,grain number and yield,but reduces nurnber of spikes. The major genetic characters desirable for super rice genotypes in the above regions should be strong stems,few tillers,large panicles,and high photosynthesis efficiency.