植物抗真菌和细菌病害基因工程育种策略

STRATEGIES OF GENE ENGINEERING BREEDING FOR RESISTANCE TO FUNGAL AND BACTERIAL DISEASES OF PLANTS

人类在与植物的真菌和细菌病害斗争的历史过程中，积累了不少的经验，其中最有效的方法仍是抗病育种。但由于抗病基因往往与表达劣质农艺性状的基因连锁，要培养一个优良的抗病性品种用常规的方法需要很长的时间。随着70年代基因工程技术日益成熟，科学家能有的放矢地将目的基因转入需要改造的生物。建立在分子生物技术基础上的基因工程方法为抗病育种开辟了一个崭新的途径，吸引了大批科学家投入这一领域的研究。科学家可以将与抗病基因有关的外源目的基因导入植物，从而提高植物的抗病性。近年来，在植物抗真菌和细菌病害的基因工程方面取得了较大的进展。本文叙述了近年来发展起来的一些植物抗真菌和细菌病害基因工程的策略。

The history of human struggle against plants' fungal and bacterial diseases lasted for a long time. A lot of experiences have been accumulated. Among the experiences,the most efficacious procedure yet is breeding for disease resistance. Often,because of linkage between disease-resistant genes and genes expressing bad agronomic characters,the breeding of a good disease-resistant variety by means of conventional procedure needs a very long cy-cle. Genetic engineering technique is ripened gradually since 197O' s. Scientists can transmit target gene into life that needs improvement. Gene engineering technique established on the basis of molecular biology has inaugurated a new approach. Many scientists devote their livesto disease-resistant breeding of gene engineering and now they can transmit exogenous dis-ease-resistant genes into plants to raise their disease resistance. In recent years,the gene en-gineering breeding for resistance to fungal and bacterial diseases has gotten along. This paperrelates some gene engineering strategies of resistance fungal and bacterial diseases, whichwere developed in recent years.