中山市2006～2007年中小学生近视调查分析

Myopia investigation of primary and middle school students in zhongshan City from 2006 to 2007

目的 探讨中山市中小学近视情况及相关因素.方法 采用随机整群抽样调查方法.在2006年至2007年期间,对中山市中小学通过随机抽样在市区和镇区6所学校（包括市区3所镇区3所）进行调查,采用问卷调查和散瞳验光检查其屈光度.各年级间及镇区与市区之间学生近视发病率采用卡方检验,近视率与用眼时间用相关系数分析.结果 此次调查对象共9379人,近视5443人,近视率58.03%,近视率从小学一年级8.04%上升到高三86.68%,市区和镇区小学近视率差异无统计学意义（P＞0.05）,初中阶段市区近视率明显高于镇区（P＜0.01）,高中阶段高三毕业班近视率明显高于高一高二非毕业班（P＜0.05镇区P＜0.001市区）.此次调查中眼保健操对预防近视加深无明显作用（P0.05）,每天看书总时间、一次持续看书时间、看课外书时间与近视发生呈正相关,相关系数分别为0.995、0.992、0.999.结论 中山市中小学生近视率较高,近视率与用眼时间密切相关.如何适当减轻学生的学习负担是预防近视的关键.

Objective To estimate the prevalence and correlative factor of myopia in primary and middle school students in Zhongshan City. Methods An epidemiological survey was carried out by Zhongshan SuHuaChan hospital, including three schools in town, three schools in urban, apply question investigation and retinoscopy. Results In this investigation, there were 9379 persons, the prevalence of myopia （spherical equivalent, SE〉-0.50D） was 58.03%, it increased from 8.04% （first grade in primary school） to 86.68% （latest grade in senior middle school）. There was no difference of the prevalence of myopia between in town primary school and in urban primary school （P〉0.05）, in junior middle school it was higher in urban than in town （P〈0.01）, it was higher in graduation class than in non-graduation class （P〈0.05 in town, P〈0.001 in city）. In this investigation it showed that eyes exercise had not effect upon preventing myopia from increasing （P〉0.05）. Total time reading in one day, time reading in one time, time reading outside of class time was close correlative to the prevalence of myopia; correlation coefficients were 0.995, 0.992 and 0.999, respectively. Conclusions The prevalence of myopia is high in primary and middle school in Zhongshan City, and it increases yearly, it is important that relieve study burden of students to prevent myopia from increasing.