不同孕期孕妇尿碘水平的监测及分析

The monitor and analysis of urinary iodine of pregnant women in different gestation periods

目的调查不同孕期孕妇的尿碘水平,探讨尿碘筛查的最佳时机,为科学指导碘摄入提供理论依据。方法利用碘催化砷铈反应原理,采用冷消解快速尿碘定量检测方法测定623例孕妇随意尿的尿碘含量。结果 623例孕妇尿碘中位数是183μg/L,其中尿碘≤100μg/L的比率为18.61%,尿碘<50μg/L的比率为4.01%。而孕早、中、晚期孕妇尿碘中位数分别是143μg/L、149μg/L、312μg/L,其中尿碘<150μg/L的比率分别为60.19%、50.26%、25.31%,尿碘≤100μg/L的比率分别为20.37%、24.10%、14.69%,尿碘<50μg/L的比率分别为0%、6.15%、4.06%,孕早、中期尿碘水平低于孕晚期(P<0.01),低尿碘率高于孕晚期(P<0.01)。低尿碘组中孕晚期的尿碘水平低于孕早、中期(P<0.05),高尿碘组中孕晚期的尿碘水平高于孕早、中期(P<0.05)。结论本研究中的孕妇人群虽不存在碘缺乏,但孕早、中期孕妇尿碘水平偏低,因此孕早、中期是尿碘筛查、及时纠正碘营养状况的最佳时机,孕晚期孕妇碘的需求应随个体不同的碘营养状况而调整。

Objective To investigate the urine iodine level of pregnant women in different gestation periods,and to explore the best time for screening urinary iodine so as to provide a scientific theoretical basis for the guidance of iodine intake.Methods The random urinary iodine were measured in 623 pregnant women by using cold digestion method of quantitative detection.Results The Median of urine iodine was 183 μg/L in all the pregnant women.The ratio of urine iodine less than 100 μg/L was 18.61%,less than 50 μg/L was 4.01%.The Median of urine iodine in the three trimester was 143 μg/L,149 μg/L and 312 μg/L,respectively,and the ratio of urine iodine less than 150 μg/L in each trimester was 60.19%,50.26% and 25.31%,ratio of urine iodine less than 100 μg/L was 20.37%,24.10% and 14.69%,ratio of urine iodine less than 50 μg/L was 0,6.15%,4.06%,respectively.Urine iodine level was lower and low urine iodine rate was higher in the first and the second trimester than in the third trimester（P0.01）.Urine iodine level in low urine iodine group in the third trimester was lower than that of the first and the second trimester（P0.05）and urine iodine level in high urine iodine group in the third trimester was higher than that of the first and the second trimester（P0.05）.Conclusions The pregnant women were in iodine sufficient status within optimal urine iodine level,but it is slightly lower in the first and the second trimester.It shows that it is suitable for detecting urine iodine and correcting the nutritional status of iodine in the first and the second trimester and the individual needs of iodine in the third trimester pregnant women should vary with their iodine nutritional status.