澳洲野生棉种的子叶棉酚动态及与色素腺体形态的关系

Studies on the Gossypol Trend of the Cotyledon during Seed Germination and the Relationship between Gossypol and Gland Formation in the Wild Species of Gossypium in Australia

对斯特提棉、南岱华棉、澳洲棉、纳尔逊氏棉和比克氏棉五个澳洲野生棉种在种子萌发过程中的子叶棉酚含量进行了测定和分析。结果表明，五个澳洲野生棉种子叶中的棉酚积累过程与无色素腺体陆地棉品种基本相似，其休眠种子和萌发２４ｈ以内的子叶均检测不到棉酚，为典型的低酚棉类型。当种子萌发４８ｈ以后，其子叶开始出现棉酚，但含量极低；在子叶开始出现棉酚１～２ｄ后，棉酚含量开始迅速增加，到种子萌发第９ｄ达到最大值。此外，讨论了澳洲野生棉种的子叶色素腺体延缓形成的组织结构与棉酚积累的关系，以及该性状的遗传调控机理等。

The gossypol contents of the cotyledons during the seed germination in the 5 wild species of Gossypium in Australia, G.sturtianum, G. nandewarense, G.australe, G.nelsonii and G.bickii were analyzed. The results showed that there were few gossypol contents in the dormant seed kernels and in the cotyledons before 24 hours of seed germination. After 48 hours of germination, the cotyledons started to appear gossypol, although the gossypol contents were very low. One or two days later, the gossypol contents in the cotyledons were increased with the seedling growth dramatically, and reached the highest point about the 9th day of the germination. The gossypol accumulation character in the cotyledons of the Australian wild cotton species was almost same as that of glandless cotton of G.hirsutum. In addition, the relationship between gossypol accumulation and anatomical base of glandless seeds and glanded plant trait of the Australian wild species of Gossypium, as well as the mechanism of its genetic regulation were discussed in this paper.