墨西哥棉花种质资源及其对世界棉花生产的贡献

Evaluation of Cotton Species from Mexico and Its Contribution to the World Cotton Production

根据在墨西哥伊瓜拉格尔热罗自治大学的图斯班联合试验农场国家棉花种质资源保存、种植中心和其它原产地的考察、研究结果，结合查阅和分析有关文献资料和历史证据，对起源于墨西哥的棉花种质资源进行了综合评述。墨西哥是棉属（Ｇｏｓｙｐｉｕｍ）Ｄ基因组（Ｄ１，Ｄ２－１，Ｄ２－２，Ｄ３－ｄ，Ｄ４，Ｄ６，Ｄ７，Ｄ８，Ｄ９，Ｄ１０，Ｄ１１），陆地棉［Ｇ．ｈｉｒｓｕｔｕｍ（ＡＤ）１］和长矛棉［Ｇ．ｌａｎｃｅｏｌａｔｕｍ（ＡＤ）７］棉种的起源中心。墨西哥的棉花种质资源对现代棉花育种和世界棉花生产作出了巨大的贡献。从起源于墨西哥的陆地棉所培育出的品种，占当前世界棉花生产的９１％以上，亚洲棉（Ｇ．ａｒｂｏｒｅｕｍ）不到４％，海岛棉（Ｇ．ｂａｒｂａｄｅｎｓｅ）约为５％。墨西哥的棉花种质资源，由于没有得到很好地保护和利用，有些野生种或原始陆地棉栽培种已经或正在消失。

This study was to evaluate the species of Gossypium that originate from Mexico on the basis of making an investigation on wild species of cotton in Tuxpan Unit Experiment Farm of ESA-UAG in Iguala, and on publication infromation. The original center of Gossypium genomios group D (D 1, D 2-1 , D 2-2 , D 3-d , D 4, D 6, D 7, D 8, D 9, D 10 , D 11 ), G.hirsutum (AD) 1, and G.lanceolatum (AD) 7 is in Mexico. The contribution of the species from Mexico is very important to the world cotton production. Of the cotton grown in the world today, 91% is G.hirsutum native to Mexico, 4% is G.arboreum and about 5% G.barbadense. The species of cotton from Mexico are very important germplasm sources in modern cotton breeding. However, some species of cotton in Mexico are being lost because the speces have not been very well protected and used.