早期兔原发性甲状旁腺机能亢进动物模型的建立

The study of an animal model in rabbits with the early primary hyperparathyroidism

目的 研究早期原发性甲状旁腺机能亢进（PHPT）动物模型的血生化和病理特点.方法 将60只成年白兔随机分为6组,每组10只.并设对照组和实验组各30只,对照组以正常饮食（Ca∶P,1∶0.7）喂养.实验组以高磷饮食（Ca∶P,1∶7）喂养,分别在喂养前1周及喂养后第1、2、3个月末,对所有动物做血钙、血磷、血甲状旁腺素测定,并在高磷饮食喂养后第1、2、3个月末,对照组与实验组动物行甲状旁腺组织学检查,观察甲旁腺的增生程度.同时对所有动物的肾脏进行病理学检查,观察肾脏的病理学改变.结果 在第1、2、3个月末,实验组血钙水平明显下降（分别为t=6.184,t=9.329,t=13.842,P＜0.05）,血甲状旁腺素（PTH）水平明显高于对照组（分别为t=-7.665,t=-16.033,t=12.877,P＜0.05）,而血磷水平略下降,但差异无统计学意义（分别为t=0.611,t=1.041,t=1.941,P＞0.05）.甲状旁腺组织学检查,在1个月时无变化,在2个月末,实验组中的10例有6例显示甲状旁腺组织轻度增生,3个月末10例有9例显示甲状旁腺组织中度增生.而肾脏组织学检查,在1个月时肾脏无病理改变,但在2个月和3个月末,发现肾实质内炎症性改变,并伴钙盐沉积.结论 高磷饮食可成功建立兔早期原发性甲状旁腺机能亢进动物模型,且该模型具有较好的稳定性与重复性.

Objective To study the biochemistry of blood and feature of pathology of an animal model in rabbits with the early primary hyperparathyroidism （PHPT）. Methods 60 rabbits were divided 1-, 2- or 3-month intervals. Compared with the control animals, serum PTH levels, serum calcium levels and serum phosphorus levels were determined. The parathyroid and kidneys of all animals were performed by the histologic examination. Results Compared with the control animals, serum parathyroid hormone（PTH）levels were elevated at 1-, 2-,3-month intervals in experimental group（ t = -7. 665, t= -16. 033, t =12. 877 respective, P 〈 0. 05 ）, whereas serum calcium levels were decreased at all three time intervals（t =6. 184,t = 9. 329, t = 13. 842, respective, P 〈 0. 05 ）, but serum phosphorus levels did not change （ t =0. 611 ,t = 1. 041 ,t = 1. 941, respective, P 〉 0. 05 ）. Parathyroid histopathologic studies demonstrated no change at 1 month whereas six of ten experimental animals showed mild hyperplasia at 2 months and nine of ten showed mild to moderate hyperplasia with gland enlargement at 3 months compared with control animals.Histopathologic examination of the kidneys showed no change at 1 month but focal parenchymal inflammation with calcium deposition at 2- and 3-month in the experimental groups. Conclusion The high-phosphate diet successfully induced an animal model in rabbits with the early primary hyperparathyroidism, which has a better stability and reproducibility.