中国早期黄铜混合矿冶炼工艺的模拟探索

按照"混合矿冶炼工艺"模拟了黄铜冶炼实验。利用X射线衍射、X射线荧光、金相显微镜、扫描电子显微镜等方法,分析了模拟实验所得的黄铜样品,并讨论了中国早期黄铜的冶炼工艺。实验结果表明:当温度高于800℃时,孔雀石、炉甘石和木炭在密闭装置中,即可反应生成黄铜,所炼黄铜的金相组织以等轴晶为主,伴有少量孪晶。冶炼温度在800℃时,所炼黄铜的含锌量低于5%;850℃时,其含锌量可超过10%;达到900℃后,其含锌量将超过20%。

In order to explore the smelting process of early brass, we did simulation experiments and analyzed the brass obtained from simulation experiments with X-ray diffraction, metallographical microscope and scanning electron microscope. The results showed： malachite, calamine and charcoal can react and form brass in closed device when the temperature is over 800℃. and the main microstructure of brass formed is isometric crystal,with a few twin.calamine will be deoxidized to zinc; when the temperature is 800 ℃, the brass formed contain Zn less than 5%： when the temperature is 850 ℃. the formed brass contain Zn more than 10%. when the temperature is over 900 ℃. the zinc content of formed brass can exeed 20%.