从出土实物和模拟实验看商周青铜器纹饰技术的发展脉络

通过对出土实物的观察和做模拟实验的发现,笔者认为,商周青铜器的纹饰技术伴随其范铸分型技术的进步而不断发展,同时它也引起铭文技术随之变化。商周青铜器纹饰技术具体的发展脉络为:夏代青铜器制模、制范技术不规范,纹饰技术处于摸索阶段。商早期青铜器范铸分型技术已具成熟的工艺设计思想,在素范面压塑纹饰的"纹饰压塑技术"出现;商中期青铜器纹饰技术有了划时代的进步,出现了"纹饰堆塑技术",且与"纹饰压塑技术"兼容并用;商晚期青铜器纹饰技术达到顶峰。西周青铜器范铸分型技术无明显进步,纹饰制作技术显示退化趋势;春秋中期以后,青铜器范铸工艺分型增多,纹饰技术发生改革,发明了单元纹饰范拚兑技术。

According to observing the unearthed archeological materials and carrying out the piece-mould casting simulation experiment, we found that the technology of ornament-making on surface of bronze developed with the advance of piece-mould making technology in period of Shang and Zhou. which simultaneously caused the change of epigraph-making technology. The detailed process of ornament-making technology is as follows： it was still at the exploratory stage in period of Xia,while,the technology of model-making and that of mould- making were not standardized; The technology of pressing ornament on surface of mould appeared in early period of Shang,meanwhile.the piece-mould casting technology had specification：In middle period of Shang, it had great progress and appeared the technology of pasting ornament;In late period of Shang, it reached the peak,in contrast,which began to simplified in period of East-Zhou;The piece-mould casting technology in early period of Chun-Qiu inherited that in period of East-Zhou： With the number of piece-mould became to more. there appeared the unit-ornament making technology.