分子分型技术在弧菌研究中的应用进展

Progress in Application of Molecular Typing Technology for Vibrio Studies

弧菌(Vibrio)是各种海洋环境的正常细菌区系的重要组成成分,也是水生动物与人类的重要病原之一。近年来出现了各种灵敏、快速、自动化且易于操作的分子分型方法,它们在弧菌分型中的应用,对揭示弧菌菌株在分子水平上的变异和进化规律、寻找病原及调查传播途径、控制疾病暴发有至关重要的作用。应用于弧菌的各种分子分型方法可分为依赖于PCR分型技术和不依赖于PCR分型技术,各种分型技术具有各自的优、缺点;其中前者由于高度的特异性、敏感性、可操作性、准确性、快速和费用低廉而得到广泛的应用,但重复性较差;后者由于基于生物体全基因组的操作,所以相对于依赖于PCR技术的分型方法结果更为可信,缺点是操作繁琐,对某些特殊细菌不适用。现今的国内外弧菌分型中公认的"金标准"的PFGE方法与近年来新发展起来的IRS-PCR分型方法结合,同时利用现有的数据建立国际分型数据库,实现信息和技术标准与共享,是弧菌分型的较好方法。

Vibrios are important members of normal microflora living in various of marine environments.And they belong to pathogens for serious diseases of aquatic animals and human beings.In recent years,molecular typing methods have been developed,in order to achieve their better sensitivity,rapidity,automaticity,and easy operation.The applications of these methods to Vibrio molecular typing have important effects on finding regularity for mutation and development of Vibrio strains on the molecular level,looking for the pathogeny,investigating the disease infection ways,or controlling the disease outbreak.In the paper,the molecular typing methods applicable to Vibrio studies are classified into two kinds.One is dependent upon PCR,and the another is independent upon PCR.The two kinds of the methods have their respective advantages,and disadvantages.The former is widely applied because of its unique features,sensitivity,operative applicability,accuracy,rapidity,and inexpensive cost,but it is noticed that its repetitiveness is less favourable.The latter is more reliable because the entirity of genom which are contained in Vibrio is involved in the operating process of the latter,but its disadvantages are the overelaborate details in its related operation and the inapplicability to some special Vibrio species.Among Vibrio typing technology in the domestic and international studies at present,a better method is that the combination of the recognized ＂golden standard＂ i.e.the PFGE method with the IRS-PCR method developed recently,using at the same time the present available data to set up and to realize the commonly sharing of the information and technological standards.