水肥配合对马铃薯水分利用效率的影响

Effect of different water and fertilizer conditions on water use efficiency of Potato

以水肥耦合为中心，以早熟马铃薯为供试材料，采用五因素五水平正交旋转组合回归设计方法，通过旱棚控制条件下的盆栽试验，研究探讨了不同水肥条件下，马铃薯对水分的利用状况。结果表明：（１）试验条件下，五个因素影响ＷＵＥ大小的顺序为：补水量（Ｘ２）＞补水肥时期（Ｘ１）＞施氮量（Ｘ３）＞有机肥（Ｘ５）＞施钾量（Ｘ４）。（２）补水肥时期在与其他因子的交互作用中，表现极为重要，与水，氮，有机肥均有较好的交互效应。水、氮及有机肥与补水肥时期的耦合关系基本一致，即：投入量少时，应采用中重施用；投入多时，采用后重或均施方式，其最佳效应值分别在后述情况下实现，于块茎形成—膨大期重施或均施化肥及补水；施肥以次高水平和高水平为佳，补水则以中高水平最好。（３）水与氮的配合中，高水高肥效应最好，中水中肥与低水低肥有较好的效应值，高水低肥或高肥低水配合，会大幅度降低ＷＵＥ。（４）有机无机配合以中高用量的有机肥和中高用量的钾肥配合的效应最好，两者有互补性。

With earlymaturing potato as the material, this study was carried out by using the design of orthogonal regression rotation with periods distribution of water and fertilizer (D), amount of irrigation water (W), amount of N, K fertilizers and farm manure (M) five factors and five levels under the greenhouse. The results show: (1) The water use efficiency (WUE) response of potato to the five factors were in order of W>D>N>M>K. (2) On different amount of W, N, M, the WUE can be raised greatly by choosing profit period distribution of water and fertilizers. Namely, when the amount is low, the period of water and fertilizers application should be earlier; When high, later. (3) The interaction rules of amount of W and N are as follows: high amount of W and N results in the best interaction effect; moderate or low amount of W and N produces better result; high W and low N, or low W and high N bring the lowest WUE. (4) The highest WUE of the interaction of K and M was achieved on the moderate and high amount of them; the two factors follow such rules: to achieve certain WUE, the reduction of WUE caused by one,s decrease, can be compensated by the other`s increase.