“沉默”的话语意义与交际功能

The Utterance Meaning and Communicative Function of"Silence"

"沉默"是各民族言语活动中普遍存在的一种交际现象。它关涉到社会、文化、民俗、心理、语言等许多领域,具有丰富的话语意义和强大的交际功能。语言学界一般将其视为非言语交际的一种形式,从语义、语用、交际功能等方面加以研究。言语交际是一个动态过程,人们会根据具体情景与交际目的的转换对话语结构进行调整。在这一过程中,"沉默"的话语意义不仅依靠语境进行判断和解读,而且会随着交际情景的发展和目的的转换而变化。这无疑在某种程度上加大了推断、解读"沉默"话语意义过程的复杂性。本文力图分析和探讨言语中"沉默"现象的话语意义、交际功能和情感特征,以求对准确理解、正确使用这一含义丰富的交际手段有所裨益。

＂Silence＂is one pervasive communicative phenomenon in all nationalities.Silence,which has rich utterance meanings and powerful communicative functions,is related to society,culture,folk customs,psychology,language and so on.In linguistics,＂silence＂is considered as a form of non-verbal communication,and researches are done from the perspective of semantics,pragmatics,communicative function,etc.Communication is a dynamic process,i.e.,people will adjust utterance structure according to specific communicative situation and purpose.Within this process,the utterance meaning of＂silence＂not only has to be understood depending on the context,but also may be changed with the development of communicative situation and purpose,which will definitely increase the complexity of understanding the utterance meaning of＂silence＂.This paper aims at discussing and analyzing the utterance meaning,emotive representation and communicative function of＂silence＂for better understanding this special communicative form.