日本教育中的新自由主义(上)

The Neo-liberalism of Education in Japan (Part One)

20世纪80年代中期以来,日本教育政策中引入了新自由主义。临时教育审议会提出教育自由化改革是日本教育中新自由主义的开端。而后,第14届中央教育审议会对"临教审"的政策作了一定的修正。临教审的教育自由化政策是按照新自由主义推进教育的市场化,其结果,导致了高中教育的不均衡化以及教育一线的贫困化。第14届"中教审"认为高中教育的不均衡是教育病理,它为克服这种状况而提出的改进对策是高中教育的多样化、特色化建设,即高中的"内容"及其选拔方法的多样化。但是,对于以追求大学升学率和学力为中心的高中普通科来说,其"多样化"、"特色化建设"改革在纠正高中教育不均衡上是无力的。所以,第14届中教审的政策与临教审路线不是相对抗的,而是一致的。第14届中教审建议设立的综合学科高中值得期待。

Since the middle of the 1980s, the Neo-liberalism has been introduced into the educational policies of Japan. The Provisional Council for Education in Japan points out that the liberalization reform of education is the beginning of neo-hberalism in education of Japan. Then some amendments about the educational policies of the Provisional Council for Education are made by the 14th Central Council for Education in Japan. The policy of liberalization of education given by the Provisional Council for Education promotes the marketization of education according to Neo-liberaLism, which results in unbalance of high school education and the poverty of educational practice. The 14th Central Council for Education considers that the unbalance of high school education is a kind of educational pathology, and the countermeasures for it is the diversification of high school education and to pursue the high school education with distinguishing features, which means the diversification of content and selection method of high schools. However, for the general section of high schools focusing on the college enrollment rate and learning ability, this kind of countermeasures for getting rid of unbalance is powerless. Therefore, the policy of the 14th Central Council for Education and the reform course of the Provisional Council for Education are coincident instead of being opposed. The integrated disciplinary high school that the 14th Central Council for Education proposes to build up is worthy of our attention.