论独立的侵权责任法与相邻法域的冲突和协调

On the Conflict and Coordination Between Independent Tort Liability and Adjacent Jurisdictions

一个国家的法律制度通常是一个整体,每一领域的变化和创新都影响着其相邻领域的法律,而就变化与创新自身的内容和体系设计而言,它也受到相邻法域的限制与影响。独立后的侵权责任法必然给现行法律的秩序与职能划分带来冲击,与相邻领域法律在调整范围上的重合与冲突无可避免。对民事权利的救济是整个社会中多种规范的共同任务,侵权责任法只是权利救济的通则而非全部,担任着普通法的角色;各种权利宣示法中的救济规范同样构成侵权责任法的渊源,成为侵权法的特别法,在各自的领域中发挥着保护民事权利的作用;有关侵权责任的法律适用,应本着特别法优于普通法的规则处理;对于源于违反公法的侵权责任如国家赔偿、刑事附带民事赔偿等,侵权责任法不应将其排斥在外。

The legal system of a country is often a whole,and each area of change and innovation have affected its adjacent areas;in respect of its own contents and system designs of the change and innovation,it is also restricted and affected by its adjacent jurisdictions.Independent Tort Law is destined to impact the existing legal order and the division of its functions,and coincide and conflict inevitably with the adjacent areas of the law on the range of adjustment.Relief over the civil rights is a common task for many norms in social community,and Tort Liability is not all right but a general rule for relief,as the role of common law;and relief norms in declaration of rights are the source of Tort Liability,as special law of Tort law,playing the role of protecting civil rights in their respective fields;and the application of tort law,should take a particular method which is better than the common law rulesl.For violation of public law from tort liability,such as national compensation,the criminal with the civil compensation,tort law should not be excluded.