林分蒸散耗水量测定方法述评

Methods of Measuring Stand Evapotranspiration

该文介绍了测定林分蒸散耗水量的方法，对主要测定方法的原理、特点和适用范围进行了分析．比较蒸散的测定方法，水文法适用性较强，它不受时间、气象条件、林分条件的限制，可用于一周以上较长时段的总蒸散量测定，还可测定各种林分、流域的蒸散耗水量；微气象法适用林相整齐均一的林分，可对林分或区域森林蒸散进行测定；植物生理法可测定树种个体耗水量；蒸发器适用测定树木个体蒸散及林地土壤蒸发量，条件易于控制，测量精度高；气候学方法适用估算一个地区潜在蒸散量和相对耗水量；遥感方法可用来估算区域森林蒸散量．

This paper introduces the measuring methods of stand Evapotranspiration and analyses their theories, characteristics and application conditions. Hydrological methods can be used in many conditions and not limited by time, meteorological elements and stand; but the time step should be given in week or year. Micrometeorological approach seems very suitable for measuring evapotranspiration in a even formed stand. Plant physiological methods can be used to measure a individual tree. Lysimeter and evaporation pans can measure a tree and soil evaporation easily and accurately. Microclimate factor method can estimate possible evapotranspiration of stand and area. Remote sensing method can calculate evapotranspitation of forest in a certain region.\=