柏林大学思想及其对美国的影响

The Idea of University of Berlin and Its Influence on the United States

柏林大学创办已整整200年,学术自由、教学与研究相统一等原则构成了柏林大学思想的主要内容,并成为近代大学的原则和标志,对世界高等教育曾产生过重要的影响。其中,美国受到的影响最为全面、持久和深刻。美国大学在向以柏林大学为代表的德国大学学习时,根据本国情况和特点,进行了选择、调整和变革,从而形成了具有多样性、包容性等特征的美国特色高等教育。

It has been 200 years since University of Berlin was established in 1810.Its idea of the university,which includes academic freedom,the unity of research and teaching mainly,is the principle and symbol of the modern universities,and has made significant influence on the higher education around the world.The United States was influenced best.American universities made choice,adjustment and reform according to the local condition as well as learning from University of Berlin and other German universities.Therefore,the higher education of the United States present the spirit of diversity,embracing and others.