从《即墨县志·列女传》看明清妇女境遇

On Women's Plight in the Ming and Qing Period as Described in the Tales of Virtuous Women of Annals of Jimo County

明清时期的列女主要包括贞女节妇、烈妇(女)、孝女德妇等三大类,她们是中国古代妇女被压迫、受奴役的缩影。列女的守节年龄越早、守节时间越长、寿命越高,生存境遇就越艰难。列女的非正常死亡也是考察这一群体的重要因素,她们或自杀或被杀,原因大多是为了成就贞女烈妇的美名。内因是妇女守节的主导因素,明清政府通过物质和精神等各种形式强化妇女的守节意识,并把这种意识内化为妇女的人格要求,由此造成了明清妇女独立人格被否定、人生价值被扭曲的悲惨境遇。

The virtuous women in the Ming and Qing Dynasties were representatives of those women under oppression and servitude. They had great difficulties with their survival. For the sake of a good name, they either committed suicide or were murdered. This led to the negation of their independent personality and twisted life values.