灌水方式对湘南丘岗区水稻生长发育及产量的影响

Effects of Irrigation Methods on Growth and Yield of Rice in Qiugang District of Southern Hunan

为探索湘南节水栽培模式,确保双季晚稻稳产高产,设置了4个不同灌水处理试验,研究灌水方式对水稻生长发育及产量的影响。结果表明:不同水分管理对早稻生育期、茎蘖数量无影响;晚稻分蘖差异显著,湿润灌溉有利于水稻分蘖,而零灌溉抑制水稻分蘖;各处理净光合速率、蒸腾速率以及水分利用率之间均表现出显著差异;灌溉水利用效率以零灌溉最高,与其他处理间差异显著;各处理早稻产量间差异不显著,晚稻产量存在显著差异,零灌溉产量显著减少,而雨时深灌旱时浅灌与湿润灌溉增加了产量,且比淹水灌溉节水。双季晚稻依靠早稻生育中后期深蓄雨水,采用免耕移栽,建立起抗旱群体,可确保晚稻稳产。

To explore the water-saving cultural mode for southern Hunan and to ensure the high and stable yield of double cropping late rice,four different irrigation treatments were set to study the effects of irrigation methods on growth and yield of rice.The results showed that different water management methods had barely influences on growth period and tillering amount;the difference of tillering of late rice was significant,the wetting irrigation was in favor of rice tillering,but non-irrigation will inhibit rice tillering;the net photosynthetic rate,transpiration rate and water use efficiency of each treatment showed a significant difference with the others;the water use efficiency in non-irrigation treatment was the highest,who had a significant difference with that in the other treatments;the yield of early rice in each treatment had non-significant difference with the others,but the yield of late rice in each treatment had significant difference with the others;the yield in non-irrigation treatment increased significant,but the yield in treatments of deep irrigation in rainy day and shallow irrigation and wetting irrigation in drought day increased,which will save water than inundation irrigation.To ensure stable yield of late rice,it should deep store rain water in middle-late growth period of early rice for double cropping late rice,using no-tillage transplanting to form anti-drought population.