不同生产方式下稻米的质量安全状况

Quality and Safety of Rice under Different Production Modes

对稻鸭共育有机稻米生产、NY5117-2002无公害稻米生产和农户常规稻米生产的稻米质量安全进行了试验研究。在此基础上,提出了"一调二保三降"的水稻优质安全生产技术方案,并进行了对比试验。除上述3种生产方式外,试验还设置了新方案在单季晚稻移栽田的应用、新方案在单季晚稻直播田的应用等2个处理。对各处理的土壤、水层、植株养分状况、病虫害表现、稻米质量安全和生产综合成本等进行测定,结果表明:新方案更符合高产群体生长规律,降低化肥、农药投入28%～30%,增加了每穗实粒数,增产稻谷3.8%～15.6%;在2009年秋季稻飞虱大爆发下,新方案比农户常规方式减少喷药3次;新方案下,控制水稻施肥的面源污染的关键在于施肥后5 d内不外排田面积水;新方案在实现了机械化耕作和收获的平原地区可操作性强,效益明显,对消除或减少农业面源污染具有重要作用。

Some experimental researches were conducted to investigate the quality and safety of rice under the rice-duck farming mode for organic rice,NY5117-2002 production mode for non-polluted rice and conventional mode for rice.Based on these researches,the new schemes of quality and safety production techniques for rice that are adjustment,protection and decrease were proposed,and the comparative experiments were conducted.In the comparative experiments,besides the treatments of rice-duck farming mode for organic rice,NY5117-2002 production mode for non-polluted rice and conventional mode for rice,there were two treatments were set up that the application of new scheme to single cropping late rice transplanted field and the application of new scheme to single cropping late rice direct seeding field.The situations of soil,water layer and plant nutrition,the performances of diseases and insect pest,the quality and safety of rice and the comprehensive production costs were determined.The results showed that the new scheme fit the growth regularity of high-production colony better,and it can decrease the inputs of fertilizer and pesticide by 28%~30%,increase filled grain number per panicle,increase rice yield by 3.8%~15.6%;under the huge occurrence of rice plant hopper in autumn of 2009,the new scheme reduced pesticide spraying by three times than that of conventional mode;the key point of control non-point source pollution in the new scheme is do not drain the water in paddyfield within five days after fertilizer applying;the new scheme has great operability and obvious benefits in plain regions where realized mechanized farming and harvesting,and it plays a important role in eliminating or reducing agricultural non-point source pollution.