《庄子》文化背景新论

A New Glimpse at Cultural Background of Zhuang Zi

《庄子》的文化背景并不是目前各种文章和书籍所说的楚文化,而是独特的商宋文化。庄子的籍贯故里为宋国蒙邑,宋为殷商后裔之国,其文化渊源并世代嫡传的自然是殷商文化。宋人的遗民意识和历史境遇,便是异端思想和怪诞学说得以滋生的沃土腴壤。宋国又地处中原黄淮流域,处在当时东西南北的交会地带,这样的地理位置又决定了其独特而复杂的文化构成,从而形成了一个以殷商文化为渊源,以姬周文化为依托,以道家文化为核心,并广泛接受周边多种文化之影响的与众不同的文化体系,这就是商宋文化。奇才庄子正是在商宋文化这一得天独厚的文化背景和文化环境中上下求索,四方采撷,得心应手,从而写就《庄子》这部天下第一奇书。

The cultural background of Zhuang Zi didn＇ t belong to the civilization of the state of Chu as varieties of papers and works claimed but to the individual civilization of the state of Song in the Shang Dynasty. Zhuang Zi＇ s hometown was the fief of Meng of the state of Song, whose rulers were descendents of the imperial family of Shang. Thus the civilization of the Shang Dynasty was naturally Zhuang＇ s cultural source generations. The adherent consciousness and historical experience provided a fertile soil handed down from former for heretic ideas and odd theories. Moreover, the state of Song was located in the reaches of the Yellow River and the Huai River, a juncture of different parts of the country. This location determined the complicated and individual composition of the culture of the state of Song with civilization of Shang as its source, civilization of Zhou as its reliance, Taoism as its core by broadly absorbing effects of various civilizations from adjourning areas. Under the influence of such a culture, Zhuang Zi the extraordinary talent managed to compose the first masterpiece in history by reading extensively and adopting highlights from different sources.