生态损害:风险社会背景下环境法治的问题与思路

Ecological Damage: The Legal Problem of the Risk Society and the Route of the Environmental Legislation

传统法律对于生态利益保护、生态损害预防和救济有着难以克服的局限性。保护人类最大的共同利益———生态利益不受侵害,防范生态风险,预防和控制生态损害发生,是环境法特有的使命。应对生态损害,要求法律针对生态损害的特点,结合其发生机制,考虑现实的社会条件,完善风险社会的环境立法。环境法一改传统救济方式重于事后惩罚与补救的立法思路,加强预防性法律制度的建设,重视对生态利益的保护,积极改变生态利益在多元利益冲突中处于弱势地位以至于易受损害的局面,以求从根本上预防生态损害的发生。

There are many inevitable limitations for traditional law on the protection of ecological interests,the prevention and re-lief of ecological damages.It is the mission for environmental Law to protect the ecological interests from being damaged.In re-sponse to ecological damage,it’s required to improve the environmental legislation in the risk society.Compared to traditional law which emphasizes penalties and relief afterwards,Environment Law reinforces the construction of preventive legal system,emphasizes the protection of ecological interests,tries to change the situation that ecological interests is at an weak position even easily damaged among the conflict of multiple interests,so as to prevent the ecological damages fundamentally.